Boni, Jaci and Mali free essay sample

Ands Boniface was born in Manila in 1863, the son of a government official. When both his parents died in the sasss, he left school to support his five brothers and sisters. By the mid-1 8805, he had become a fervent Filipino nationalist. When Joss Racial established the Alga Filipino in 1892, Boniface was one of its first members.After the Spanish arrested Racial in July 1892, Boniface decided that the Philippines would only achieve independence through revolution. On July 7, he founded the Justinian, a secret society open to both peasants and the middle class that employed Masonic rituals to impart an air of sacred mystery. It insinuated itself into the community by setting up mutual aid societies and education for the poor. By 1896, the Justinian had over 30,000 members and functioned at the national, provincial, and municipal levels.Following the execution of Racial in 1896, Boniface proclaimed Filipino independence on August 23, 1896. This time, the Spaniards moved against him, forcing his flight to the Marking mountains, while other forces headed y Emilio Continual were more successful and won control over some towns. When Boniface tried to rein him in, Continual ordered him arrested and charged with treason and sedition. He was tried and convicted by his enemies and executed on May 10, 1897. Today he is regarded as a national hero of the Philippines.Emilio Action Name: Emilio Action (December 15, 1875 to April 16, 1899) Born: December 15, 1875 Father: Marino Action Mother: Josef Dijon Better Known: Brain of the Justinian Emilio was born in Torso, Manila on December 15, 1875. When his father, Marino Action died, his mother Josef Dijon, a midwife, had to work harder o support his studies. Later, he was forced to live with his uncle, Don Jose Dijon, who enrolled him at the San Juan De Lateran College. Then he transferred to the University of Santos Tomato to take up Law. His studies however, were interrupted when he joined the Justinian at the start of the Philippine Revolution in 1896. His sad experiences with his Spanish classmates, his sensitivity to the flight of his people, and his readings about the Spanish injustices led him to do so against the wishes of his mother and his uncle. He was only 19 years old, but became one of the ablest leaders of the Justinian. To Boniface, he was an adviser, a secretary, and a fiscal. He edited the Nag Callahan, the newspaper of the Justinian which informed the people of the aims and activities of the association.He wrote the Sartorial, the primer of the Justinian which contained its rules and regulations. He supervised the manufacture of gunpowder. Thus, he was called the Brain of the Justinian. Action was also a poet. His greatest poem was A La Patria, inspired by Racals Ultimo Adios. It was signed Dimes-law, Casinos pen name. In one of the battles in Majesty, Laguna, Emilio Action was wounded artistically; he died on April 16, 1899 at the age of 24. Application Mamboing Martian (July 22, 1864 -? May 13, 1903) Application Mamboing was a Filipino political philosopher and architect of the Philippine revolution.He formulated the principles of a democratic popular government, endowing the historical struggles of the Filipino people with a coherent ideological orientation. Application Mamboing was born in Tale, Tanana, Battings, on July 22, 1864. His parents belonged to the impoverished peasantry. He studied at the College De San Juan De Lateran in 1881 and at the University of Santos Thomas, here he received the law degree in 1894. During this time he earned his living by teaching Latin and then serving as copyist in the Court of First Instance in Manila.In 1 896 Mamboing contracted an illness, probably infantile paralysis, that deprived him of the use of his legs. When the Justinian revolt broke out late that year, the Spanish authorities arrested him. Unknown to many, Mamboing was already a member of Joss Racals reformist association, the Alga Filipino. And though as a pacifist reformist, he was at first skeptical of Andrea Benefactions armed uprising, Mamboing later became convinced of the peoples almost fanatical desire for emancipation. Subsequently, he turned out subversive manifestos appealing to all Filipinos to unite against Spain.In May 1 898 Emilio Continual summoned Mamboing to act as his adviser. Mamboing formulated the famous decree of June 1 8, which reorganized the local government under Filipino control. His policy throughout the struggle can be epitomized by a statement in that decree: The first duty of the government is to interpret the popular will faithfully. Mamboing was also instrumental in supervising the proper administration of justice, the election of delegates to he revolutionary congress, and the establishment of the mechanism of the revolutionary government itself.When the revolutionary congress was convoked in Bargains, Mallows, Vulcan, on Septet. 15, 1898, Mamboing found himself opposed to the plans of the wealthy bourgeoisie to draft a constitution. He believed that, given the emergency conditions of war, the function of the congress was simply to advise the president and not to draft a constitution. Defeated by the majority, Mamboing then submitted his own constitutional plan, based on the Statutes of Universal Masonry. It was rejected in favor of a composite draft submitted by Feline G. Cauldron, which became the basis of the Mallows Constitution of the first Philippine Republic.Ambits conflict with the conspiracy of property owners and the landlord class in the congress led to his eclipse in 1899 as Gondolas trusted adviser the only competent thinker and theoretician in the Continual Cabinet. Mamboing succeeded in exposing the vicious opportunism of the Pattern-Bemoaning clique, who were tying to gain control over, and to profit from, the financial transactions of the revolutionary government. When the Continual camp fled from the advancing American forces, Mamboing was captured on DCE. 0, 1899. Still refusing to swear an oath of allegiance to the U.S. Government and continuing to support the insurgents in their ideological struggle, he was deported to Guam in 1901. He died on May 13, 1903. Ambits chief work, La Revolution Filipino, a reasoned analysis and cogent argument concerning the ideological implications of the revolution against Spain and the resistance to the American invaders, reveals the progressive and democratic impulse behind his thinking. He always tried to mediate between the peoples will and the decisions of their leaders. He was a selfless and dedicated patriot.